The entrance into Warren's Shaft System is an ancient water system named after Captain Charles Warren, who discovered it in 1867. The Gihon Spring, which originates in the valley, is accessed from this location via a subterranean tunnel. This water system is a complex of rock-cut tunnels and associated fortifications, which were constructed to ensure the safe and steady supply of water to the ancient city in times of strife and siege, as well as in times of peace. As the Gihon Spring, Jerusalem's only water source, was located in the valley, outside the city wall, the settlers took special care to fortify it and thus quarried an underground tunnel to allow safely access to it. (Israel Antiques Authority)
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